Endnotes

Published in Monograph No 23: Crime in Cape Town, April 1998


  1. This section draws on A Louw, M Shaw, L Camerer & R Robertshaw, Crime in Johannesburg: Results of a City Victim Survey, ISS monograph Series, 18, Institute for Security Studies, Halfway House, February 1998.

  2. J J M van Dijk, Criminal Victimisation and Victim Empowerment in an International Perspective, keynote address, opening session, Ninth International Symposium on Victimology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 25-29 August 1997. The International Crime Victim Survey (ICVS) is an ongoing exercise which involves more than fifty countries and is co-ordinated by an international working group composed of representatives of the Ministry of Justice of the Netherlands, the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) and the British Home Office.

  3. Ibid.

  4. L Glanz, Crime in South Africa: Perceptions, Fear and Victimisation, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, 1994.

  5. Nedcor, The Nedcor Project on Crime, Violence and Investment, main report, Nedcor, Johannesburg, June 1996.

  6. L Glanz, Government to Probe Unreported Crime Levels, The Star, 16 February 1998.

  7. See Louw (et. al.), op. cit.

  8. U Zvekic & A Alvazzi del Frate (eds), Criminal Victimisation in the Developing World, Publication 55, UNICRI, Rome, 1995; P Mayhew, Some Methodological Issues in Victimisation Surveys, in Crime Victims Surveys in Australia, conference proceedings, Criminal Justice Commission, Brisbane, 1995.

  9. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration , Crimes and Victims: A Report on the Dayton-San Jose Pilot Survey of Victimisation, National Criminal Justice Information and Statistical Service, 1974, p. 12.

  10. E Stanko, Intimate Intrusions: Women's Experience of Male Violence, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1985.

  11. M P Koss, Detecting the Scope of Rape: A Review of Prevalence Research Methods, Crime and Delinquency, 31, 1993, pp. 169-190.

  12. A Percy & P Mayhew, Estimating Sexual Victimisation in a National Crime Survey: A New Approach, Studies on Crime Prevention, 6(2), 1997, p 128.

  13. See Louw et. al., op. cit.; M Shaw & A Louw, Crime in Durban: Results of a City Victim Survey, ISS Monograph Series, Institute for Security Studies, Halfway House, 1998 (forthcoming).

  14. See questionnaire (Appendix 2).

  15. Van Dijk, op. cit.

  16. Ibid.

  17. Zvekic & Alvazzi del Frate, op. cit.; Mayhew, op. cit.

  18. Van Dijk, op. cit.

  19. CIMC, Quarterly Report 3/97, Crime Information Management Centre, SAPS. Pretoria, 1997.

  20. Louw (et. al.), op. cit.

  21. L Rocha-Silva & I Stahmer, Research Relating to the Nature, Extent and Development of Alcohol or Drug-related Crime, unpublished paper, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, 1996; A Louw & M Shaw, Stolen Opportunities: The Impact of Crime on South Africa's Poor, ISS Monograph Series, 14, Institute for Security Studies, Halfway House, July 1997.

  22. CIMC, op. cit. (original emphasis).

  23. Mowatt (1986), cited in C Sutherland, Prevention is Better than Cure, in S Jagwanth, P J Schwikkard & B Grant (eds), Women and the Law, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, 1994.

  24. Institute of Directors, Sexual Harassment in the Workplace, Institute of Directors, Institute of Personnel Management, UNISA Centre for Women's Studies, Women's Bureau of South Africa and ANC Women's League, Pretoria, 1992.

  25. As in the case of sexual assault, the sample of sexual harassment victims is too small for drawing firm and generalised conclusions, or for detecting any concrete patterns.

  26. L Vetten, Violence Against Women in South Africa: A Literature Review Prepared for Soul City, Soul City, Gauteng, 1997.; Goodman (1978) in E H R Russell, Sexual Exploitation: Rape, Child Sexual Abuse and Workplace Harassment, Sage, California, 1984.

  27. Zvekic & Alvazzi del Frate, op. cit.

  28. Ibid.

  29. L Vetten, Violence Against Women in South Africa: A Literature Review Prepared for Soul City, Soul City, Gauteng, 1997.

  30. P Mayhew & J J M van Dijk, Criminal Victimisation in Eleven Industrialised Countries, Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentasiecentrum, Amsterdam, 1997.

  31. C Bridgeman & L Hobbs, Preventing Repeat Victimisation: The Police Officers' Guide, Home Office Police Research Group, London, 1997.

  32. Van Dijk, op. cit.

  33. Ibid.

  34. C de la Rey & C Potgieter, Perceptions of Services Offered by Rape Crisis, Khayelitsha, unpublished paper, 1996.

  35. Rape Crisis (1995-1998); see ibid.

  36. A Alvazzi del Frate, Preventing Crime: Citizens' Experience Across the World, UNICRI, Rome, 1997.

  37. L Camerer & A Louw, Perception and Reality: Surveying Crime in Cape Town, Nedcor/ISS Crime Index, 2(2), April 1998.

  38. De la Rey & Potgieter, op. cit.